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An offshore pipeline project begins with a wide range of concept options, which are gradually refined until a firm solution has been determined, after which detailed analysis and verification can be completed to confirm its suitability for installation.

The main stages are described below, and show how Jee’s involvement can assist our clients in providing a valuable contribution to the development of their offshore projects.

Feasibility
When starting from a blank sheet, it is important to have the expertise of experienced engineers working on the team to ensure the project is not taken down a blind alley.  By eliminating unfeasible options from the start, significant savings can be made.  From an initial brainstorming session to the selection of a number of potentially feasible options, Jee can provide the skills required to narrow the project down to a manageable size. 

Past examples of work completed on feasibility studies include:

• Study of Pierce subsea tie-back, including cost estimates for pipelines, risers and umbilicals, plus a study into the potential drivers for cost savings due to lay methods, use of bundles etc.
  
• Feasibility study of the use of 13% chrome with mechanical connectors as a corrosion resistant material for a pipeline development in Columbia

Pre-FEED and FEED
Front end engineering design is a crucial stage of any engineering development and decisions made here can make or break a project. Prudent investment of resources taken here will maximimise the chances of the project running smoothly to schedule and cost.
 
At this stage of a project, concepts developed in the feasibility studies are taken a stage further, to ensure that key aspects of the design are refined sufficiently to enable cost savings and benefits to be assessed to a sufficient degree of accuracy.  It is also at this stage that steps can be taken to avoid over-engineering a project. This can be done by eliminating unnecessary features by engineering judgement and by carrying out small-scale studies into the various options.   

Over the years, Jee has been involved in many pre-FEED and FEED studies, providing valuable input into aspects of the pipeline system design, including:

• Stability on the seabed
  
• Flow assurance and hydraulics
  
• P&ID
  
• Cost estimates
  
• Concept review

Detailed design
Following the FEED study, the project is at a stage where the finer details of each component need to be analysed.  This has been a regular part of Jee’s operation and over time we have covered detailed design of all types of offshore pipeline systems and components, including risers, flowlines, protection structures, wye-pieces and many others.  It is from this experience that we have built up a substantial knowledge and wealth of experience to ensure we can deliver high quality and robust designs to our clients.

Verification
From the experience we have built up on offshore pipeline design, Jee can offer their services in verification of designs.  This could range from a component of a system, up to the full design verification of an offshore development.  Verification can be carried out in accordance with a number of codes, including but not limited to BS 8010 (now PD 8010), ASME B31.4/8, DNV OS-F101 (DNV 2000), ISO 13628-5. 

We have worked on many projects in the past to verify our client’s designs, with the most recent of these including:

• Dolphin Energy:  Independent design verification of 36” sealines and 48” export line for Arabian Gulf development
• Dolphin Energy:  Independent design verification of two umbilical lines for the above project
• Shell Goldeneye:  Design verification of pipelines to ensure compliance with regulatory and contract requirements

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